Plant · GBIF taxon 5414267
winterberry holly
Ilex verticillataAlso known as Black Alder, Canada Holly, Coralberry
Unlike most evergreen hollies, winterberry drops its leaves each autumn to reveal thousands of brilliant scarlet berries clustered along bare branches. These persistent fruits cling to gray stems throughout the cold months, creating a vivid splash of color across snowy wetlands and damp woodlands. The nutrient-dense berries serve as a vital winter lifeline for dozens of songbird species when other food sources become scarce.
DeciduousRed BerriesNative Plant
—observations
—countries
—peak records
Least ConcernConservation statusIUCN Red List categoriesLCNTVUENCREWEXLeast ConcernRed List categories, explained →
Diet & prey
- Autotrophic (photosynthesis)
Predators
- White-tailed Deer
- Eastern Cottontail
ThreatsWetland drainage, habitat loss
HabitatsSwamps, bogs, wet woods, lake margins
Life span20–50 years
Size / weightNot available
Classification
- OrderAquifoliales
- FamilyAquifoliaceae
- GenusIlex
- SpeciesIlex verticillata
Range data is not available yet.
Interaction riskHigh
- Low
- Moderate
- High
- Very high
- Why interaction risk is high
- Wild berries have toxic look-alikes; berries contain saponins that cause stomach upset if ingested.
- Why it is dangerous
- Berries contain saponins and toxic alkaloids that cause severe gastrointestinal distress, vomiting, and diarrhea if eaten in large quantities.
- How to recognize a risky encounter
- Look for bright scarlet rounded berries clustered closely along bare gray stems after autumnal leaf drop.
- What to do
- Avoid ingesting wild berries and keep plant material away from curious pets and small children.
Responsible observation
- Sexes Separate: Plant both male and female specimens together in landscapes to ensure berry production.
- Habitat Spotting: Look along swamp edges and stream banks in late autumn when bright red berries stand out.
- Bird Observation: Watch berry-laden branches during winter storms for foraging thrushes and waxwings.
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