Plant · GBIF taxon 3034830
Heracleum sphondylium
Heracleum sphondyliumAlso known as Cow Parsnip, Hogweed, Eltrot
Common hogweed thrives along sunlit roadsides, field edges, and moist meadows, sending up robust hollow stems topped with broad flat umbels of tiny white flowers. Its nectar-rich flower heads act as vital feeding stations for hundreds of species of flies, beetles, bees, and wasps throughout summer. While ecologically beneficial, the plant produces sap that reacts with sunlight to inflame human skin.
FloweringHerbaceousPollinator Magnet
—observations
—countries
—peak records
Least ConcernConservation statusIUCN Red List categoriesLCNTVUENCREWEXLeast ConcernRed List categories, explained →
Diet & prey
- Autotrophic (Photosynthesis)
Predators
- Parsnip moth caterpillars
- Celery fly larvae
- Deer
ThreatsExcessive mowing, herbicide spraying, land development
HabitatsMeadows, roadside verges, woodland margins, grasslands
Life spanPerennial (2–5 years)
Size / weightNot available
Classification
- FamilyApiaceae
- SpeciesHeracleum sphondylium
Range data is not available yet.
Interaction riskLow
- Low
- Moderate
- High
- Very high
- Why interaction risk is low
- Sap causes painful light-sensitive skin blistering; wear protection and avoid contact with foliage.
- Why it is dangerous
- Sap contains furanocoumarins that cause phototoxic burns, blistering, and long-lasting hyperpigmentation when exposed to sunlight.
- How to recognize a risky encounter
- Distinguish from giant hogweed by its smaller height under two meters, less deeply lobed leaves, and coarse green hairs.
- What to do
- Do not touch broken stems or crushed leaves without thick waterproof gloves, and wash skin immediately if contact occurs.
Responsible observation
- Clothing Protection: Wear long trousers and sleeves when walking through overgrown tall vegetation to prevent skin contact.
- Pollinator Spotting: Inspect broad flat flower heads during warm afternoons to observe diverse insect visitors.
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