Fauna
Bird

Yellow-shouldered Blackbird

Agelaius xanthomus

Also known as Mariquita de Puerto Rico, Capitán

Yellow-shouldered blackbirds forage in tight family groups through coastal mangroves, dry forests, and pastures, probing bark and foliage for hidden invertebrates. Pairs maintain lifelong monogamous bonds and frequently nest in mangrove tree hollows or managed artificial nest boxes designed to safeguard chicks. Their survival has been critically impacted by brood parasitism from invasive shiny cowbirds, requiring intensive conservation intervention to stabilize nesting colonies.

EndemicIsland Native
Yellow-shouldered Blackbird reference1 / 3
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EndangeredConservation statusIUCN Red List categoriesLCNTVUENCREWEXEndangeredRed List categories, explained →
Key facts
Diet & preyCaterpillars, Beetles, Spiders
Predators
  • Small Indian Mongoose
  • Black Rat
  • Pearly-eyed Thrasher
ThreatsBrood parasitism by shiny cowbirds, habitat loss, and predation by invasive mammals
HabitatsMangrove forests, coastal dry scrub, and offshore scrubby cays
Life span7–12 years
Classification
  1. FamilyIcteridae
  2. SpeciesAgelaius xanthomus
Range & activity
Range data is not available yet.
Safe observation
Interaction riskLow
  1. Low
  2. Moderate
  3. High
  4. Very high
Why interaction risk is low
Harmless songbird; safe to observe at a normal distance.
What to notice
Look for all-black glossy plumage paired with a distinct, bright yellow patch on the bend of each wing.
Support conservation
Maintain a quiet distance, stay on designated trails, and never use audio playback calls near nesting areas.
Responsible observation
  • Observation distance: Use binoculars from a respectful distance to avoid interrupting feeding or nesting routines.
  • Nesting season caution: Avoid approaching mangrove stands and artificial nest boxes from April through August.
Related species
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