Fauna
Plant

American Pokeweed

Phytolacca americana

Also known as Pokeweed, Poke Sallet, Pokeberry, Inkberry

American pokeweed stands as a prominent late-summer perennial, easily recognized by its stout magenta stems and long dangling racemes of dark purple-black berries. Its deep, fleshy taproot allows it to resprout annually in fields, thickets, and disturbed forest edges across eastern North America. While highly toxic to mammals, the ripe berries provide a crucial autumn food source for migrating songbirds, which spread the seeds far and wide.

PoisonousPerennialNative Plant
—observations
—countries
—peak records
Least ConcernConservation statusIUCN Red List categoriesLCNTVUENCREWEXLeast ConcernRed List categories, explained →
Diet & preyAutotrophic (Photosynthetic)
Predators
  • Gray Catbird
  • Northern Mockingbird
  • Northern Cardinal
ThreatsHerbicide application, land development, agricultural weeding
HabitatsForest edges, pastures, roadsides, disturbed soil, clearings
Life span4–10 years
  1. OrderCaryophyllales
  2. FamilyPhytolaccaceae
  3. GenusPhytolacca
  4. SpeciesPhytolacca americana
Range data is not available yet.
Interaction riskHigh
  1. Low
  2. Moderate
  3. High
  4. Very high
Why interaction risk is high
All parts are toxic, and wild berries have toxic look-alikes; never ingest and avoid skin contact with sap.
Why it is dangerous
Contains toxic saponins and phytolaccatoxin that cause severe gastrointestinal distress, cramping, vomiting, and potential neurological symptoms if ingested.
How to recognize a risky encounter
Recognizable by bright reddish-purple stalks, large smooth leaves, and dangling spikes of deep purple-black berries.
What to do
Wear protective gloves when handling or removing plants, and never ingest any plant parts raw.
Responsible observation
  • Identification Cue: Look for thick red-to-purple stalks contrasting with green leaves and dark purple berries in late summer.
  • Bird Observation: Position nearby to watch catbirds, mockingbirds, and cardinals feeding on mature berry clusters.
  • Handling Safety: Wear gloves when clearing plants to avoid contact with skin-irritating sap.
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