Fauna
Species · GBIF taxon 2402078

Chinese Paddlefish

Psephurus gladius

Also known as Chinese Swordfish, Yangtze Paddlefish, Elephant Fish

Chinese paddlefish patrolled the deep, turbid mainstems of the Yangtze and Yellow rivers, using an elongated, sword-shaped rostrum packed with sensory receptors to detect the electrical signals of prey. Unlike their plankton-filtering American relatives, these massive river giants were swift carnivores that hunted smaller fish and crustaceans in open waters. Juveniles migrated into coastal estuaries to feed before returning upriver as adults, a lifecycle that was fatally disrupted when major hydroelectric dams blocked their traditional spawning routes.

River GiantCarnivorous
—observations
—countries
—peak records
ExtinctConservation statusIUCN Red List categoriesLCNTVUENCREWEXExtinctRed List categories, explained →
Diet & prey
  • Carp
  • Gobies
  • Freshwater shrimp
Predators
  • Humans
  • Larger predatory fish (juveniles)
ThreatsDam construction blocking upstream spawning migrations, chronic overfishing, and habitat degradation
HabitatsDeep turbid river channels, sandbars, and brackish coastal estuaries
Life span30–50 years
  1. FamilyPolyodontidae
  2. SpeciesPsephurus gladius
Range data is not available yet.
Interaction riskLow
  1. Low
  2. Moderate
  3. High
  4. Very high
Why interaction risk is low
Extinct species; no living individuals remain in the wild or captivity.
Responsible observation
  • Museum observation: View preserved anatomical specimens and taxidermy mounts at natural history museums in Wuhan and Beijing.
  • Conservation awareness: Support river restoration efforts safeguarding the remaining critically endangered fishes of the Yangtze basin.
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