Plant · GBIF taxon 5284049
Coontie
Zamia integrifoliaAlso known as Florida Arrowroot, Coontie Palm, Seminole Bread
Coontie is an ancient cycad resembling a small, glossy fern that grows from a subterranean tuberous stem. As the only cycad native to the continental United States, it plays a vital ecological role by serving as the sole larval host plant for the rare atala butterfly. Plants are dioecious, bearing separate male and female cones that rely on specialized beetles for pollination.
CycadEvergreenHost Plant
1 / 7—observations
—countries
—peak records
Least ConcernConservation statusIUCN Red List categoriesLCNTVUENCREWEXLeast ConcernRed List categories, explained →
Diet & prey
- Autotrophic (Photosynthetic)
Predators
- Atala Butterfly Caterpillar
- Cycad Aulacaspis Scale
ThreatsUrban development, historical overharvesting, and invasive scale insects
HabitatsPine flatwoods, oak hammocks, and coastal dunes
Life span50–100+ years
Size / weightNot available
Classification
- FamilyZamiaceae
- SpeciesZamia integrifolia
Range data is not available yet.
Interaction riskHigh
- Low
- Moderate
- High
- Very high
- Why interaction risk is high
- All parts contain cycasin and are toxic to humans and pets if ingested.
- Why it is dangerous
- Contains cycasin and methylazoxymethanol, which cause acute gastrointestinal irritation, liver failure, and neurological damage if ingested.
- How to recognize a risky encounter
- Grows as low clusters of glossy, stiffly pinnate leaves emerging directly from sand or soil with central fuzzy cones.
- What to do
- Wash hands after touching bruised foliage or seeds, and never let domestic animals chew on any part.
Responsible observation
- Pet Safety: Keep dogs away from foliage and cones, as plant tissues cause severe liver failure.
- Butterfly Watching: Check new reddish-bronze growth in spring for bright orange and gold caterpillars.
- Wild Foraging: Do not consume wild roots, as traditional starch extraction requires complex processing.
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