Also known as Indicine Cattle, Humped Cattle, Brahman Cattle
Zebu are resilient tropical cattle recognized by the fleshy hump above their shoulders, expansive dewlaps, and long, pendulous ears. Originating in South Asia, these bovids evolved sweat glands across their bodies and dense skin that deters biting insects, allowing them to thrive in scorching heat and humid environments. Today, they serve as vital draft animals, milk producers, and cultural keystones across tropical regions worldwide.
DomesticatedTropicalHerbivore
—observations
—countries
—peak records
Not EvaluatedConservation statusIUCN Red List categoriesLCNTVUENCREWEXNot Evaluated — not placed on the risk ladderRed List categories, explained →
Key facts
Diet & prey
Grasses, shrubs, leaves, and crop residues
Predators
Tiger
Leopard
Dhole
ThreatsParasitic infections, severe droughts, and infectious livestock diseases
HabitatsTropical grasslands, savannas, pastures, and agricultural fields
Life span15–20 years
Size / weightNot available
Classification
FamilyBovidae
SpeciesBos taurus indicus
Range & activity
Range data is not available yet.
Safe observation
Interaction riskHigh
Low
Moderate
High
Very high
Why interaction risk is high
Bulls and protective mothers can charge or kick; observe quietly from a safe distance.
Why it is dangerous
Bulls and protective cows possess immense weight and physical power, capable of inflicting severe blunt-force injuries through charging, trampling, or kicking.
How to recognize a risky encounter
Look for a prominent muscular hump over the shoulders, large pendulous ears, and a hanging fold of skin under the neck.
What to do
Maintain a respectful distance near fences, and back away slowly without turning your back if an individual exhibits defensive posturing.
Responsible observation
Approach calmly: Avoid sudden movements or loud noises that could startle animals, especially bulls or cows with young calves.
Watch body language: Lowered heads, pawing the ground, or pinned ears indicate agitation and an intent to charge.
Give space: Never step between a mother and her calf, and stay clear of narrow enclosures where an animal could press against fences.
