Fish
Greenland Shark
Somniosus microcephalusAlso known as Grey Shark, Gurry Shark, Sleeper Shark
Gliding sluggishly through freezing Arctic depths, Greenland sharks are among the longest-lived vertebrates on Earth, capable of surviving for several centuries. These massive apex scavengers rely on a keen sense of smell to track fallen whales, fish, and seals in near-total darkness. Their eyes are frequently host to pinkish parasitic copepods that hang from the corneas, though the sharks navigate effortlessly using olfaction and electroreception.
Deep SeaApex PredatorArctic
—observations
—countries
—peak records
VulnerableConservation statusIUCN Red List categoriesLCNTVUENCREWEXVulnerableRed List categories, explained →
Diet & preySeals, Fish, Carrion
ThreatsCommercial bycatch, climate change, historical overfishing
HabitatsDeep Arctic waters, sub-Arctic ocean floors, cold fjords
Life span250–500 years
Classification
- OrderSqualiformes
- FamilySomniosidae
- GenusSomniosus
- SpeciesSomniosus microcephalus
Range data is not available yet.
Interaction riskHigh
- Low
- Moderate
- High
- Very high
- Why interaction risk is high
- Raw meat contains toxic compounds and their massive size requires giving swimming individuals wide berth.
- Why it is dangerous
- Raw tissues contain high levels of trimethylamine oxide, which breaks down into toxic compounds upon ingestion, while their immense mass poses physical danger.
- How to recognize a risky encounter
- Recognized by its dark grey cylindrical body, small rounded fins, sluggish swimming motion, and milky eyes.
- What to do
- Never consume unprocessed raw tissue and allow swimming individuals ample space.
- What to notice
- Identified by its heavy dark body, tiny dorsal fins, and slow tail sweeps in frigid waters.
- Support conservation
- Avoid target fishing or disturbance and follow regional conservation guidelines for deep-sea fauna.
Responsible observation
- Observer Space: Maintain a respectful distance during rare shallow water or fjord encounters.
- Data Contribution: Report incidental sightings or bycatch events to marine researchers to aid study.
Keep collecting in Fauna
Found in Collections
Species set Pro
Ocean Creatures
Greenland Shark is found in this collection. Identify it in Fauna to fill this slot and continue your progress.
Unlock to track progress
Help improve the field guideSomething wrong?
Checking your Fauna account…Report a name, category, or profile issue for review.



