Fauna
Insect

Lime Swallowtail

Papilio demoleus

Also known as Lemon Butterfly, Chequered Swallowtail, Citrus Swallowtail

Lime swallowtails flutter rapidly through sunlit gardens and citrus orchards, flashing intricate chequered patterns of creamy yellow, chocolate brown, and vivid eye spots. Early instar caterpillars disguise themselves as bird droppings before molting into bright green larvae armed with an osmeterium, a foul-smelling forked gland thrust outward to deter predators. Although adult butterflies live only several days, their rapid developmental cycle and affinity for cultivated Rutaceae have propelled their expansion across continents.

PollinatorDiurnalInvasive
—observations
—countries
—peak records
Least ConcernConservation statusIUCN Red List categoriesLCNTVUENCREWEXLeast ConcernRed List categories, explained →
Diet & preyFlower nectar, Citrus leaves, Mineral damp sand
Predators
  • Birds
  • Mantises
  • Orb-weaver spiders
ThreatsPesticide application, parasitic wasps, predatory birds
HabitatsCitrus groves, gardens, agricultural edges, open scrublands
Life spanAdults 4–7 days (full life cycle 30–40 days)
  1. OrderLepidoptera
  2. FamilyPapilionidae
  3. GenusPapilio
  4. SpeciesPapilio demoleus
Range data is not available yet.
Interaction riskLow
  1. Low
  2. Moderate
  3. High
  4. Very high
Why interaction risk is low
Safe to observe at a normal distance.
Responsible observation
  • Garden searches: Look around flowering Lantana, Ixora, and Zinnia during the warm morning hours.
  • Orchard inspection: Check the upper surfaces of tender new citrus leaves for eggs and young caterpillars.
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Mystic Meadows

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