Fauna
Species · GBIF taxon 9327863

Polygonodon audax

Polygonodon audax

Also known as Bulldog Fish

Xiphactinus audax was a voracious predatory bony fish that dominated the warm, shallow waters of the Western Interior Seaway during the Late Cretaceous. Propelled by a large, deeply forked tail fin, it pursued marine animals at impressive bursts of speed before impaling them on heavy, dagger-like fangs. Famous fossil discoveries reveal that individuals regularly swallowed other large fishes whole, sometimes succumbing when oversized prey punctured internal organs.

CarnivorousPrehistoric
—observations
—countries
—peak records
ExtinctConservation statusIUCN Red List categoriesLCNTVUENCREWEXExtinctRed List categories, explained →
Diet & prey
  • Gillicus arcuatus
  • Enchodus petrosus
  • Hesperornis
Predators
  • Cretoxyrhina mantelli
  • Tylosaurus proriger
  • Mosasaurus
ThreatsLate Cretaceous marine regression and ecosystem collapse
HabitatsWarm shallow epipelagic inland seas
Life span10–25 years
  1. FamilyIchthyodectidae
  2. SpeciesPolygonodon audax
Range data is not available yet.
Interaction riskLow
  1. Low
  2. Moderate
  3. High
  4. Very high
Why interaction risk is low
Extinct species known exclusively from fossil deposits.
Responsible observation
  • Fossil exhibits: Look for complete specimens preserved in Kansas chalk displays at natural history museums.
  • Skeletal anatomy: Observe the upturned lower jaw armed with prominent, forward-angled fangs.
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