Douglas-fir

Also known as Oregon Pine, Douglas Spruce, Columbian Pine, Red Fir

Douglas-firs dominate the coniferous forests of western North America, growing into monumental evergreens capable of living for over a millennium. Their deeply furrowed, corky bark helps mature trees survive low-intensity wildfires, while their distinct seed cones feature three-pointed bracts that resemble the tail and hind feet of a mouse hiding beneath each scale. As canopy giants, they support complex ecosystems, providing vital nesting structure for northern spotted owls and seeds for forest rodents.