Fauna
Bird

Atlantic Puffin

Fratercula arctica

Also known as Common Puffin, Sea Parrot

Atlantic puffins spend most of their lives solitary at sea, returning to rugged North Atlantic cliffs each spring to nest in deep underground burrows. Breeding pairs form tight bonds, recognizable by their vibrant triangular beaks and synchronized head bowing displays outside burrow entrances. They dive remarkably deep to hunt forage fish, often returning to their chicks with a lined up mouthful of sand eels held in their specialized rasped bills.

PelagicColonialDiving Bird
—observations
—countries
—peak records
VulnerableConservation statusIUCN Red List categoriesLCNTVUENCREWEXVulnerableRed List categories, explained →
Diet & preyLesser Sand Eel, Capelin, Herring
Predators
  • Great Black-backed Gull
  • Arctic Fox
  • Great Skua
ThreatsOverfishing, ocean warming altering prey availability, marine pollution, invasive predators
HabitatsOpen ocean (pelagic) and rocky coastal cliffs or islands
Life span20–30 years
  1. OrderCharadriiformes
  2. FamilyAlcidae
  3. GenusFratercula
  4. SpeciesFratercula arctica
N. Atlantic Arctic Ocean

Marine distribution — the ocean basins and seas where the species occurs.

Interaction riskLow
  1. Low
  2. Moderate
  3. High
  4. Very high
Why interaction risk is low
Safe to observe from established cliff trails and viewing points.
What to notice
Characterized by a stocky black and white body, white cheek patches, and a large, colorful triangular beak in summer.
Support conservation
Stay strictly on marked trails on breeding islands, give nesting burrows a wide berth, and never fly drones near colonies.
Responsible observation
  • Observe from a Distance: Stay on designated paths on nesting islands to avoid crushing fragile underground burrows.
  • Bring Optics: Use binoculars or a telephoto lens to watch feeding behavior without causing colony disturbance.
  • Limit Visits: Keep stay durations short during peak incubation and chick rearing periods in late spring.
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